答好雅思口語(yǔ)Part3, 關(guān)鍵要有很強(qiáng)的論證性,因?yàn)镻art3題目的特點(diǎn)就在于泛圍大而廣,并且具有一定的深度。比如說(shuō)Part3有這樣一題:How to keep the balance between developing the tourism industry and protecting the environment? 可見(jiàn),要想在Part3有較好的表現(xiàn),掌握一定的論證原則是必要的。
原則1 使用連接詞,保證邏輯性
區(qū)分英語(yǔ)說(shuō)寫(xiě)好壞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一就是連接詞的使用,一個(gè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者會(huì)不會(huì)使用連接詞,將直接決定其英語(yǔ)的地道程度和邏輯性,寫(xiě)作中如此,口語(yǔ)中更是這樣。不少學(xué)生不習(xí)慣使用邏輯詞,是因?yàn)樵跐h語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)并不需要使用太多的邏輯詞。例如,漢語(yǔ)中我們常說(shuō)“你去,我就去。”但英語(yǔ)中一般不說(shuō)“You go, I go.”而是要加入適當(dāng)?shù)募僭O(shè)連接詞,說(shuō)成“If you go, then I will go.”,顯然更符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。可見(jiàn),要想提高雅思口語(yǔ)Part3的論證性,就要從轉(zhuǎn)變漢語(yǔ)中不常使用連接詞這一語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣做起。專家總結(jié)認(rèn)為,英語(yǔ)中的連接詞可分為兩大類:句子內(nèi)部連接詞和句群之間連接詞。
(1)句子內(nèi)部連接詞
1)類比和對(duì)比:although, though, even though, while, whereas
2)原因和結(jié)果:since, so that, because, as
3)時(shí)間:after, when, until, whenever, before
4)可能性:if, as if, whether, unless
5)地點(diǎn):wherever, where
6)方式:how
(2)句群之間連接詞
1)邏輯順序:firstly, secondly, thirdly, next, last, finally, in addition, furthermore, also, at present
2)重要性先后:most/more importantly, most significantly, above all, primarily, it is essential
3)類比和對(duì)比:similarly, likewise, also, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in comparison, in contrast
4)原因和結(jié)果:the cause of, the reason for, as a result, as a consequence, therefore, thus, consequently, hence
5)強(qiáng)調(diào):undoubtedly, indeed, obviously, generally, admittedly, in fact, in particular, especially, clearly, importantly
6)遞進(jìn):and, in addition, additionally, furthermore, also, too, as well as
7)舉例:for example, for instance, that is, such as, including, namely
原則2 發(fā)音到位,保證清晰性
發(fā)音,不僅是雅思口語(yǔ)的重要評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一,更是保證英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)清晰性的關(guān)鍵因素。這里要注意的是,發(fā)音和口音不同,口音問(wèn)題主要是由于本國(guó)母語(yǔ)或地方方言的影響而造成的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣,并不影響雅思成績(jī)和正常的口語(yǔ)交流。但發(fā)建議考生們需要掌握英語(yǔ)中的六大發(fā)音原則:
(1)長(zhǎng)元音盡量拉長(zhǎng) 短元音急促有力
發(fā)長(zhǎng)元音時(shí),長(zhǎng)度要比短元音長(zhǎng)一拍,比如以下例句中的fool, please, feel, free, call。短元音則需急促有力,如例句中的is, full, busy。
1)I think Tom is a fool.
2)My full name is Li Ming.
3)Please feel free to call me, I am not busy.
(2)雙元音飽滿到位
發(fā)好雙元音,口形非常重要。盡量用你的口形來(lái)夸張發(fā)音,爭(zhēng)取在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)用飽滿、到位的口形把雙元音讀完,如以下例句中的hate, late, there, smoke, without, fire, take, break。
1)I hate being late for work!
2)There is no smoke without fire.
3)Let’s take a break.
(3)咬舌頭
分析發(fā)現(xiàn),有不少學(xué)生發(fā)[θ]和[ð]時(shí),沒(méi)有注意到這個(gè)原則,養(yǎng)成了不好的發(fā)音習(xí)慣,希望在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中多加練習(xí),特別是以下例句中的thirty, three, thousand, this, than, that, thank等詞。
1)Thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three.
2)This is better than that.
3)Thanks a lot.
(4)卷舌頭
與發(fā)[r]音不同,發(fā)[l]音時(shí)舌頭應(yīng)輕觸上齒和齒齦的交界處。以下例句中的right, wrong, crazy, spirit包含了[r]音;tell, likely, Lucy, will, library, learn, English包含了[l]音。
1)I can tell right from wrong.
2)It’s not likely that Lucy will be at the library.
3)He has a crazy spirit in learning English.
(5)咬嘴唇
發(fā)[f]音時(shí),上齒應(yīng)輕觸下唇,氣流從口中自然流出,如以下例句中的life, have等詞;發(fā)[v]音時(shí),上齒同樣輕觸下唇,但稍微緊一些,使氣流受到阻礙,產(chǎn)生濁化的效果,如以下例句中的give, advice, very, arrive, five等詞。
1)Can you give me some advice?
2)He lives a very good life.
3)You have to arrive before five.
(6)閉嘴巴
發(fā)[m]音時(shí),雙唇緊閉,氣流從鼻腔中自然流出。在練習(xí)中,要特別注意以下例句中employee, time, swim, system, complicated的[m]音。
1)My employees make me happy most of the time.
2)Melinda might be able to swim one more mile.
3)The system is more complicated than I thought.
原則3 注意語(yǔ)法,保證準(zhǔn)確性
語(yǔ)法不是萬(wàn)能的,但沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法又是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不能的。雅思口語(yǔ)雖然不需要像寫(xiě)作那樣特別重視語(yǔ)法的準(zhǔn)確性,但是掌握并熟練運(yùn)用一些基本的語(yǔ)法,能保證我們?cè)诨卮餚art3問(wèn)題時(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性。以下是回答雅思口語(yǔ)Part3問(wèn)題時(shí)需要特別注意的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):
(1)時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、將來(lái)完成時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(2)語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
(3)簡(jiǎn)單句:五種形式(主+謂;主+謂+賓;主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ);主+謂+間賓+直賓;主+系+表)
(4)并列句:and, or, but
(5)復(fù)合句:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同謂語(yǔ)從句
以上專家分析了一些雅思口語(yǔ)Part3的論證原則,希望考生們能根據(jù)這些原則練習(xí),保證回答Part3話題時(shí)的邏輯性、清晰性和準(zhǔn)確性,更好地向考官展示考生的英語(yǔ)論證能力,提高雅思口語(yǔ)成績(jī)。